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Red and near-infrared light therapy penetrates deep beneath the surface layers of the skin to stimulate the mitochondria (the energy powerhouses of your cells). This process triggers the release of nitric oxide (NO), a vital molecule that relaxes and dilates blood vessels. The result is a dramatic increase in microcirculation, accelerated cellular repair, and a down-regulation of chronic inflammatory pathways at their root.

While we usually think of Vitamin D in terms of bone health, it is actually one of the most critical regulatory molecules for your skin. Interestingly, the skin is unique: it is the only organ that can synthesise vitamin D from sunlight, and it is also a major target that relies heavily on it to function properly.

Exosomes impact collagen production and oxidative stress damage by regulating the activity of fibroblasts, controlling the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and modulating the production and clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 

Exosomes reverse skin ageing on a cellular level by functioning as a sophisticated cell-to-cell information transfer system. These nano-vesicles, secreted by stem cells, transport bioactive contents such as proteins, lipids, and genetic material (mRNAs and miRNAs) into target skin cells to modulate their function and repair damage.